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香港,中国 - Media OutReach - 2019年8月20日 - 肺癌在中国癌症病发率中排名第一,也是头号癌症杀手。肺癌当中有85%属于非小细胞肺癌。肺癌的分期是根据肿瘤大小,是否已入侵胸腔或颈部附近的淋巴结组织,及扩散到其他器官的程度而定。晚期肺癌的常见扩散部位为骨骼、肝脏,甚至脑部。临床肿瘤科专科李孔敏医生指出,以香港为例,肺癌的平均发病年龄在60岁以上,而且于确诊时大多已届晚期(第3或4期)。年纪较大的患者、临床体质较差或有吸烟习惯,都是导致存活率较差的因素。

BRAF肺癌预后差 掌握基因变异对症下药

李孔敏医生
香港临床肿瘤科专科医生

 

BRAF基因变异增治疗难度

医学界陆续发现可引致肺癌的基因变异。除了亚洲人较常见的EGFR及ALK,近年亦发现其他基因变异如BRAF等。李医生解释,带有BRAF基因变异的癌细胞透过启动细胞分裂机制,令肿瘤不受控制增生。由BRAF基因变异所致的非小细胞肺癌个案较罕见,只占整体约百分之一至二,尤以有吸烟习惯的人士居多。但这类患者对化疗的反应并不显著,因此急需有效的针对性治疗方法。

靶向药开拓肺癌治疗新一页

近十年来,晚期肺癌的治疗出现突破性发展,针对性的疗法如靶向治疗推陈出新。李医生称现今提倡「个人化治疗」,除了按照肺癌分类及分期,亦考虑患者的肿瘤是否带有特定的基因变异,从而找出合适的靶向治疗选择。

美国癌症综合网络(NCCN)的治疗指引中提到,晚期肺癌患者确认带有BRAF基因变异后,应尽早使用针对BRAF基因变异及抑压负责癌细胞分裂的MEK机制的双靶点药物作第一线治疗。研究发现,同时使用两种靶向药物,对于肺癌的控制率逾六成,病情受控的时间接近15个月,有效阻止肿瘤增生并缩小肿瘤。

李医生解释,使用该药物组合的副作用相对化疗较少,常见副作用包括疲倦、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、气促或出红疹,但程度不算严重。患者毋须担心因未能承受副作用而影响疗程,故年纪大或体质较弱的患者亦适用。而且靶向治疗采用口服药,可减省经常进出医院接受针药之苦。

基因检测助判断合适治疗

现时抽取活组织的基因测试主要检测较普遍的肺癌基因变异,包括EGFR及ALK。有部分患者最初确诊时并未有检测出相应的基因变异,而未能采用第一线靶向治疗。然而若这些患者对化疗反应较差,李医生亦建议应考虑检测BRAF基因变异。研究发现,就算接受过化疗,再使用针对BRAF基因变异的靶向治疗亦同样有效,病情受控的时间亦可达到8个月。

病向浅中医,李医生提醒应定期作肺部检查,一旦发现肿瘤,可及早确诊并接受基因检测以作针对性治疗,增加成功控制病情的机会。

Source http://www.media-outreach.com/release.php/View/10324#Contact

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