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香港,中国 - Media OutReach - 2019820 - 过去晚期肺癌因肿瘤扩散范围广而未能以手术切除,往往只能靠化疗作纾缓,因此存活率不高,在中国是排名首位的致命癌症。香港临床肿瘤科专科吴云英医生表示,自从十多年前肺癌靶向药物面世后,已陆续推出针对不同机制的靶向药物。由最初只作化疗失效后的第二、三线治疗,到现时已可推前作为确诊后的第一线治疗,为晚期肺癌患者带来治疗希望。

治疗BRAF肺癌 靶向药对准基因变异出击

吴云英医生
香港临床肿瘤科专科医生

基因测试解密助精准治疗

吴医生指出,现今基因测试已是标准肺癌诊断程序之一。在非小细胞肺癌诊断中,会透过基因测试找出控制癌细胞增生的驱动基因变异,从而选择适合的针对性靶向药物,对准目标出击,直接消灭癌细胞。相对全身性化疗,可减低对其他正常细胞的损害。现时医学界已发现多种涉及肺癌的基因变异。美国癌症综合网络(NCCN)建议肺癌患者于治疗前一并检验EGFRALKROS1BRAF等基因变异,以准确判断治疗。

基因测试分为两种方式,一般会抽取肿瘤的癌细胞组织作检验,其敏感度较高。若无法进行组织抽验,或因肿瘤组织不足,则会抽取血液样本检验。医生会根据基因测试报告,判断患者是否带有特定的基因变异,来建议适合的针对性靶向治疗方案。如未找到相应的基因变异,则再考虑化疗或其他适用的免疫疗法。

靶向药提高存活机会

BRAF基因是控制癌细胞生长讯号机制的其中一个关键。当BRAF基因出现变异,便会不断地剌激生长讯号产生,令癌细胞不受控制增长。另外,MEK也是负责癌细胞分裂的机制。同时使用抑制BRAF基因及MEK 机制的靶向药物,可更全面阻截癌细胞的生长讯号,从而减慢肿瘤增生。临床上,在带有BRAF基因变异的非小细胞肺癌患者中,如采用两种靶向药物组合,相比单用抑制BRAF基因变异的药物治疗效果更佳。研究发现患者接受治疗后肿瘤缩小率可达到64%,而存活时间更长达24个月。

虽然带有BRAF基因变异的非小细胞肺癌个案只占整体约百分之一至二,然而这类患者对化疗的反应及病情预后亦较差。吴医生称,即使化疗后以靶向药物组合作为第二线治疗所达到的肿瘤缩小率相若,但研究指放于第一线治疗可提升存活机会。愈早使用靶向治疗,所得的效果愈好。

治疗无碍生活素质

很多癌症患者都担忧治疗带来的副作用。吴医生称,针对BRAF基因变异的靶向药物组合的副作用相对较为轻微。常见副作用有发烧、疲倦、肠胃不适 (如恶心或呕吐)、腹泻或皮疹。对于年纪较大、体质较差而不适宜接受化疗的患者而言,亦不大影响服药依从性或因副作用而中止治疗。如因副作用出现困扰,医生亦会依个别患者对药物的反应来调整剂量。而靶向药物多为口服药形式,亦可免却针药注射不适,减少对生活素质的影响。

Source http://www.media-outreach.com/release.php/View/10331#Contact