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香港,中国 - Media OutReach - 2019227 - 克隆病患者经常腹痛及腹泻,并会突然有便意,对他们的心理及社交均造成极大影响。肠胃及肝脏科专科徐成智医生表示:"病情严重的患者排便次数可多达一天七至八次,使得他们无法上学、上班,甚至不敢外出与朋友聚会。"克隆病属长期慢性病,源于自身免疫系统攻击肠道,引起炎症反应。若不及早治疗,还可能会引起并发症,如瘘管形成及肠道穿孔等,此时则需要进行手术。

克隆病新治疗 助患者改善生活质量

肠道发炎会复发切肠手术不能根治 

克隆氏症的症状大致由三种情况引起,分别是发炎、瘘管形成及肠道狭窄。第一种情况即肠道发炎,影响患者的消化及吸收能力;第二种情况指不正常的管道(瘘管)在肠与肠之间,或肠道与皮肤之间出现,最常见于肛门附近黏液或粪便会通过瘘管流出,引起感染;第三种情况可造成肠梗阻,此时患者腹部会出现剧痛。

徐医生指出:"小肠可长达6米,即使以手术切除受影响的部分,其他肠段之后也可能会发炎,需再次进行切除手术,导致肠道越来越短。"手术治疗未能根治克隆病,患者需长期服药以控制病情,避免肠道再次发炎或出现并发症。

尽早使用疗效较佳的药物恢复正常生活质量

首两个月是克隆病的治疗黄金期,治疗方针是尽快让病情受控,待病情稳定后,再继续进行巩固治疗。患者可采取"由上而下治疗"(Top-down therapy)的方法,即首先以疗效较好的药物例如生物制剂作治疗,通过抑制炎症反应,让患者的生活质量恢复正常,从长远来说也比较容易控制病情,降低出现并发症的风险。

目前治疗克隆病的生物制剂包括"肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)抑制剂"、抗黏附治疗及新一代"白细胞介素12/23抑制剂"。"TNF抑制剂"通过降低整个免疫系统的活跃度,减少免疫系统攻击肠道的机会,但患者受感染的风险也随之增高。此治疗具抗药性,药效会随时间而减弱。另有研究显示,抗黏附治疗对克隆病的疗效较弱。

新一代"白细胞介素12/23抑制剂"则针对性地抑制特定发炎因子,以控制症状,并降低感染风险,故整体安全性较高。另外,依临床所见,很多患者的用药依从性不足,见症状稍为减退便随即停药,忽略巩固治疗的重要性。目前各种生物制剂的注射频率亦不同,较新型的只需三个月进行一次皮下注射。经医护人员指导后,患者可自行注射,对患者来说比较方便,并可增加用药依从性。

Source http://www.media-outreach.com/release.php/View/8054#Contact