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香港,中国 - Media OutReach - 20181213 - 多发性骨髓瘤是一种血癌,因骨髓内浆细胞异常增生而引起,这种恶性肿瘤可影响骨骼、造血功能甚至肾功能。血液及血液肿瘤专科医生马承恩指出,大约三至五成患者经治疗病情缓解后会复发,短的甚至可在一两年内发生,因此治疗的目的不但要缓解病情,更需要降低再次复发的风险。

 

多发性骨髓瘤治疗 需着重降低复发风险

多发性骨髓瘤的"多发性"是指影响多个器官,常见症状有严重贫血、急性肾衰竭、高血钙及骨折等。马承恩医生表示,患者复发时症状可能与首次发病时相若,也可能会更严重,"有些人骨髓情况多些,有些人骨折情况多些,也有些人有肾衰竭,不同患者复发症状均不同,甚至有可能四种症状同时出现,简称CRAB,四个英文字母各自代表以下情况 : C代表Calcium 即是指血钙高; R代表Renal,是指肾功能异常;A代表Anemia,是指贫血;B代表Bone,是指骨骼。"

 

病情完全缓解为目标

马医生表示,多发性骨髓瘤的治疗目标是使病情达到完全缓解,藉以减低患者之后复发的机会,因为每次复发均会降低病情受治疗控制的比率,以致控制率会变得愈来愈低。近年出现的靶向药物如蛋白酶抑制剂让患者有了更多选择,靶向药物可与其他药物组合使用,以提高治疗效果,部分病人如符合条件也可考虑做自体骨髓移植。

 

根据最新的临床研究数据,应用加入新一代蛋白酶抑制剂卡非佐米的组合治疗方案后,相比同类上一代的方案,整体反应率由一成提高至三成,同时还提高了生存率,并降低了复发率。

 

马医生表示,上一代蛋白酶抑制剂的常见副作用是对神经纤维的影响,新一代的药物则较少这类副作用,对患者而言是好事,而且新一代蛋白酶抑制剂更可帮助部分患者进行自体骨髓移植,从而加强病情控制。

 

六十多岁的陈先生确诊患有多发性骨髓瘤后,接受了加入新一代蛋白酶抑制剂卡非佐米的药物组合治疗,病情得到完全缓解,恢复了正常生活,每天如常驾车接送上学的孙儿。

 

不明骨痛要小心

多发性骨髓瘤是由于浆细胞癌变及异常增生引起的癌症,香港每年新发病例约有二百多宗1,当中八成已65岁以上。由于此病的症状与其他疾病重叠,往往容易让人以为是其他问题,因而错失诊治的黄金时间。

 

马承恩医生建议说,若患者出现不明骨痛,持续两星期以上,服用医生处方的药物后仍没有好转,便可能需要进一步检查,以明确诊断。医生会根据病人的年龄、身体机能状况,以及骨髓瘤的严重程度,建议合适的治疗方案。

  

Reference:

1.      Hospital Authority. Hong Kong Cancer Registry. Available from: <www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg>.

Source http://www.media-outreach.com/release.php/View/7571#Contact