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香港,中国 - Media OutReach - 2017年12月7日- 多发性骨髓瘤是血癌的一种,常见于60岁以上的老年人。过去治疗这个疾病主要依靠化疗,但疗效较差,平均存活期为24-30个月。近十年随着医学科学的进步,新药层出不穷。靶向药物蛋白酶体抑制剂(proteasome inhibitor)的出现,为多发性骨髓瘤治疗带来了革命。血液及血液肿瘤专科医生马承恩解释道,多发性骨髓瘤新疗法,就是将靶向药物作为主干加入现有的治疗方案。与原有治疗方案比较,治愈率和存活率可提高约三至五成。马医生说,多发性骨髓瘤的复发率达三至五成,即有30%至50%第一次治愈后的患者在几年间甚至短至一两年内复发。2016年12月,香港引入了新一代蛋白酶体抑制剂卡非佐米(carfilzomib),这种靶向药适用于治疗复发或难治性多发性骨髓瘤,为首次复发时的优越治疗选择。卡非佐米(carfilzomib)的疗效在临床研究中已获得证实。研究显示,在标准疗法基础上加入卡非佐米(carfilzomib)治疗复发或难治多发性骨髓瘤能有效推迟病情进展。此外,卡非佐米(carfilzomib)的疗效相比同类型药物硼替佐米(bortezomib)表现更佳,能进一步降低病情进展或死亡的风险,为患者带来新的希望。

 

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如果患者较年轻(<65岁),他们也有机会接受骨髓干细胞移植,这类患者需要先采用上述以蛋白酶体抑制剂为主干的联合方案进行诱导治疗,然后再接受高剂量化疗(以摧毁体内癌细胞)及干细胞移植。预备做自体干细胞移植的患者诱导治疗方案中不应含化疗药马法兰,以避免其对造血干细胞的损伤。

 

马承恩医生指出多发性骨髓瘤在香港每年约有200多宗新病例,当中八成65岁以上,一至二成是60岁以下,40岁出头的患者已出现,年轻化趋势不容忽视。多发性骨髓瘤源于骨髓中浆细胞的恶变,癌性浆细胞侵蚀骨骼引发全身骨痛。初期患者的病征易被忽视,例如有患者直至情况持续变本加厉,甚至只走上几级楼梯也气喘如牛,才会去看医生。验血后发现严重贫血,医生因此进一步详细检测,最终确诊患上多发性骨髓瘤,但却错过了病发初期的黄金治疗期。故马医生呼吁,如果中老年人出现腰酸背痛,同时有肾功能不全、高钙血症、贫血和反复感染等症状时,也应尽早到血液科就诊,通过血尿检查、骨髓穿刺及活检等相关检测判断是否患病,以实现早诊早治、改善预后。

 

国内多发性骨髓瘤发病率跟香港相若,按发病率十万分之一至二计算,国内一年约有30,000宗新病例。有一部分国内的患者会来香港寻医问药,马承恩医生表示这可能是因为有些新靶向药物在国内尚未注册,而国内的专科医生也知道这些药物可以帮到患者,故建议他们来港就诊。  

 

国内多发性骨髓瘤患者来港时,一般都处于较棘手或已复发的阶段,因为现在国内多发性骨髓瘤治疗也达较高水平,所以第一次病发时,他们仍会选择留在国内医治。有时国内的患者如身体太虚弱未能亲身来港,其家属就会来港代为安排有关治疗。马承恩医生表示这种情况下家属必需带齐患者详细的病历,让香港的专科医生作详细分析和评估,决定合适的治疗建议,同时跟国内相关专科医生联系,确定他们也认同香港医生所建议的治疗方案去帮助患者。

來源:関懐癌病同盟

Source http://www.media-outreach.com/release.php/View/4493#Contact

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