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香港 - Media OutReach - 2022年5月31日 - 香港理工大学(理大)与南韩延世大学的科学家最近取得科研突破,他们研发的光传感器能仿效甚至超越人类视网膜对不同亮度的适应力,有望为未来无人驾驶车辆和工业用摄影机配备媲美人类的视力。 理大成功研发模仿人类眼睛适应能力的先进视觉传感器
柴博士团队研发的仿生视觉传感器可以适应有效光暗范围高达199分贝。相对之下,人类视网膜能适应强光至弱光亮度的环境,范围约为160分贝。
带领研究的理大应用物理学系副教授兼应用科学及纺织学院助理院长柴扬博士说:「新传感器能大大提升机器视觉系统,令各种影像分析和辨识任务有更佳表现。」 机器视觉系统通常由多部摄影机和计算单元组成,透过撷取和处理影像进行例如面部辨识等任务。此类系统需要运用精密的电路和复杂的算法,才能在各种照明条件下「看得到」对象。然而,同类系统很少具备足够效能来实时处理大量视觉信息,难以与人脑相比。 柴博士团队研发的全新仿生(bioinspired)传感器或可为以上难题提供答案——以传感器直接适应光暗,减少依赖后台运算。新传感器仿效人类眼睛能适应不同亮度,就如肉眼可在极暗至极亮的照明条件下准确辨识各种对象。 柴博士解释说:「人的瞳孔有助调节进入眼睛的光线量,而适应亮度则主要由视网膜细胞负责。」天然光强度的范围广达280分贝,而传统硅基传感器的适应范围仅有70分贝。柴博士团队研发的新传感器有效范围则高达199分贝,表现令人刮目相看。相对之下,人类视网膜能适应强光至弱光亮度的环境,范围约为160分贝。 为实现上述表现,研究团队首先利用一种具有独特电学和光学特性的半导体二硫化钼,制成近乎原子厚度的双层超薄膜,并以此研制出用来探测光线的光敏晶体管管;再在双层薄膜中引入「电荷陷阱态」,控制侦测光线的能力。 每一个仿生视觉传感器均由这种光敏晶体管管的数组组成。它们能模仿人类肉眼内分别负责侦测暗光和强光的视杆和视锥细胞。因此,传感器能在各种照明环境下侦测不同对象,也能因应不同亮度进行转换与适应,范围更胜人类眼睛。 应用在光敏晶体管管的「电荷陷阱态」其实是固体晶体结构中的杂质或缺陷,用来限制电荷移动。研究人员说: 「这些陷阱态令光信息得以储存,并在小至每一个像素,动态调节设备的光电特性。」陷阱态通过控制电子移动,能精确调整光敏晶体管管传导的电量,从而控制设备的光敏性,即其侦测光线的能力。 柴博士表示:「新的传感器可降低硬件复杂度,并且在不同光暗下大幅提高影像对比,从而提供高效影像辨识。」 此崭新的仿生视觉传感器将推动新一代人工视觉系统的应用,不但可于自动驾驶车辆和制造业应用方面发挥功效,也可在边缘运算和物联网中找到其他令人雀跃的新应用。 这项研究已刊载于《自然‧电子学》Nature Electronics)学刊。 #理大

Source https://www.media-outreach.com/news/hong-kong/2022/05/31/140296/

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