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香港,中国 - Media OutReach - 2019年12月13日 - 多发性骨髓瘤是血癌的一种,在香港属罕见病之一,一旦病发会影响患者多个器官,令患者出现贫血、急性肾衰竭,甚至病理性骨折等并发症。于香港私人执业、血液及血液肿瘤科专科马承恩医生指:「若患者未有接受适切治疗,绝对会有生命危险,复发风险亦高。新的药物组合治疗能控制初发和复发患者的病情,对医生而言十分鼓舞。」

 

多发性骨髓瘤易复发 新组合治疗效果增强

血液及血液肿瘤科专科马承恩医生

 

在香港,每年约有200宗多发性骨髓瘤的新症,发病年龄中位数为60岁以上。虽然发病率未见有上升趋势,但马医生认为近年发病年龄有年轻化的迹象,曾见部分病人只有40多岁。

 

影响多个器官易延医

人体骨髓内有负责产生抗体的浆细胞,以协助人体预防、抵抗病原体入侵。但当浆细胞出现基因病变,會变成癌性浆细胞,进而引发多发性骨髓瘤。多发性骨髓瘤顾名思义是「多发性」的,会影响身体多个器官。当癌性浆细胞沉积在骨髓,能刺激破骨细胞,令骨骼结构受侵蚀,更会因而形成高血钙,甚至出现病理性骨折。

 

另外造血功能亦会因而受影响,令患者出现贫血,容易感到疲倦及力不从心。而癌性浆细胞所产生的过量抗体片段会损害肾小管和肾小球,影响患者肾功能,严重者会引发急性肾衰竭。由于骨痛及疲倦等病征颇为普遍,容易令患者延医。

 

对医生而言,过往多发性骨髓瘤不但难以医治,更是无法根治。马医生坦言:「多发性骨髓瘤本身已是难以医治,即使控制得到病情,也有复发可能性,复发率达五成。复发会比初发更棘手,成功率比初发低。」多发性骨髓瘤如未能及时医治,会因并发症危及生命,而过去即使患者接受治疗,生存期中位数只有一至两年。

 

单克隆抗体组合新希望

治疗多发性骨髓瘤的首要目标固然是要清除所有癌细胞,达致完全缓解,继而是要减低复发率。首个抗CD38单克隆抗体靶向药物──达雷木单抗(daratumumab)的出现,对医生及患者而言都十分鼓舞。医生会以其他药物配合达雷木单抗使用,作为组合治疗,成功率及完全缓解率皆比传统化疗及使用蛋白酶体抑制剂较高。

 

医学数据显示,达雷木单抗不但对初发病人有效,更能帮助复发患者达到再次缓解。当患者的副蛋白指数及浆细胞标记指数控制得宜,并发症危机就能减退,患者生存率及寿命得以延长,而临床所见无进展生存期亦能大增至4年。

 

马医生忆述其一名多发性骨髓瘤女患者,因她已年届65,无法进行自体骨髓移植;使用蛋白酶体抑制剂后,周边神经线又出现严重副作用。幸而改用达雷木单抗组合治疗一年后,现时病情已完全受控,生活质量亦没有受影响。

资料来源:

健康研究所

Source http://www.media-outreach.com/release.php/View/24240#Contact