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中国香港Media OutReach - 20191227 - 身体乏力或食欲不振,或许不少都市人都习以为常,以为是生活节奏急速和工作繁忙带来的后遗症,万万想不到原来长期「没胃口」,有机会是患上肝癌的征兆!肠胃肝脏科专科李永恒医师表示:「乙型肝炎(乙肝)是肝癌的主要诱因,而在亚洲,大部分乙肝感染多由母婴垂直传播。」

长期没胃口可能是肝癌

肠胃肝脏科专科李永恒医师

 

乙肝患者患肝癌风险高100

乙肝患者患上肝癌的风险比非患者高100倍,患者起初一般不会出现明显病征,直至后期肝脏进一步受损,症状才会出现,包括右上腹出现疼痛、黄疸、尿液颜色变黄、大便呈茶色,又或出现体重下降、腹水及脚肿等情况。

 

李医师表示:「如欠缺合适治疗,乙肝有机会恶化至肝硬化及肝癌。病向浅中医,乙肝患者应定期监测肝脏健康,以免在病情恶化后才发现。」透过血液检测乙肝病毒数量、肝酶、甲胎蛋白及胆红素,加上超声、电脑扫描和磁共振等影像检测,可以评估肝功能及病情,有助决定患者是否需要接受治疗及是否有乙型肝炎导致的并发症。

 

新一代抗乙肝病毒药物有效降低肝癌风险

乙肝的治疗方案主要为干扰素注射及口服抗病毒药物,惟干扰素注射有机会带来发烧及骨痛等副作用,而以往旧一代口服药物会产生高抗药性。最近10年随着医学进步,治疗方面有了新进展。替诺福韦和恩替卡韦是现时两种常用的口服抗病毒药物,有效控制乙型肝炎及减低肝癌风险,而研究发现新一代丙酚替诺福韦(TAF)在控制肝酶至正常水平的功效比上一代替诺福韦好,对骨密度及肾功能的影响亦相应减低,并且没有出现耐药性。

 

一位70多岁乙肝患者,同时患有糖尿病及高血压,一直服用旧一代口服药物阿德福韦,需要不时进行身体检查,监察药物的副作用对身体的影响。近半年,他因双脚无力便提前覆诊,经检查后发现电解质过低及肾功能变差。他后来转用新一代丙酚替诺福韦,并配合物理治疗,两、三个月后回复原有活动能力及肾功能水平。

 

资料来源:

健康研究所

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